First report on <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> causing lesions of wheat leaves in Hungary
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During routine surveys of wheat crops (Triticum aestivum) in Hungary, diseased leaf samples were collected from different cultivars. Leaves exhibited dark brown necrotic lesions with or without chlorotic margins. Single conidia were isolated from necrotic tissue fragments under a stereo microscope, and transferred onto potato dextrose agar. Macro- and micromorphological examinations of single-spore isolates indicated some of them to be Pyrenophora teres (anamorph: Drechslera teres), which is a well-known barley pathogen. This species produces fuliginous to yellowish or olivaceous brown conidia with round basal cells, and in most cases several conidia are produced on a single conidiophore (Shoemaker, 1962, Sivanesan, 1987). Sequences of the ITS region of the isolates were compared to those of P. teres isolates in the GenBank database. The ITS sequences of these isolates were identical to P. teres ITS sequences (Acc. Nos. Y08746, AF400889-AF400892). Of the 30 isolates studied, the ITS sequences of three isolates were submitted to GenBank under Acc. Nos. EF186672-EF186674. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in greenhouse experiments by inoculating the leaves of barley and wheat plants at the two leaf stage with conidial suspensions of 3 × 103 conidia mL−1 of the P. teres isolates. Twelve days after inoculation symptoms similar to those observed on naturally infected plants were produced. Pyrenophora teres was reisolated from infected leaves. Conidial colonies grew rapidly forming mid or light grey mycelia with white tufts covering the surface. This is the first report of P. teres on wheat in Hungary although previously it has been isolated from wheat in Canada and elsewhere (Zillinsky, 1983; Turkington et al., 2002). Pyrenophora teres was isolated from 0–9% of spots observed on leaf samples with disease symptoms depending on the location of fields in Hungary. These data indicate that wheat can serve as host for P. teres, questioning the applicability of pre-treatment of wheat with P. teres to control other fungal pathogens as suggested by Nolan & Cook (2000). This study was supported by grants GVOP-3·1·1.-2004-05-0206/3·0 and TéT D-22/01, and by a Bolyai Janos fellowship grant awarded to BT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".