Hollow Bragg fiber bundles: when coupling helps and when it hurts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We characterize coupling between two identical collinear hollow core Bragg fibers, assuming T01 launching condition. Using multipole method and finite element method we investigate dependence of the beat length between supermodes of the coupled fibers and supermode radiation losses as a function of the inter-fiber separation, fiber core radius and index of the cladding. We established that coupling is maximal when fibers are touching each other decreasing dramatically during the first tens of nanometers of separation. However residual coupling with the strength proportional to the fiber radiation loss is very long range decreasing as an inverse square root of the inter-fiber separation, and exhibiting periodic variation with inter-fiber separation. Finally, coupling between the T01 modes is considered in a view of designing a directional coupler. We find that for fibers with large enough core radii one can identify broad frequency ranges where inter-modal coupling strength exceeds super-mode radiation losses by an order of magnitude, thus opening a possibility of building a directional coupler. We attribute such unusually strong inter-mode coupling both to the resonant effects in the inter-mirror cavity as well as a proximity interaction between the leaky modes localized in the mirror.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".