Investigation of Anisotropic Behavior of Montney Shale Under Indirect Tensile Strength Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Located in a large area spanning the British Columbia and Alberta border, the Montney shale formation is one of the largest economically feasible resource plays in North America. Hydraulic Fracturing is one of the stimulation methods to enhance the gas production in which fractures induced by hydraulic loading are created. Initiation and propagation of hydraulically induced fracture is controlled by in-situ stresses magnitude and orientation and the reservoir tensile strength. If the in-situ stresses composing one vertical and two horizontal stresses are comparable or lie within a narrow range, the tensile strength becomes one of the most important parameters in governing hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir. This paper develops different point and line load tests to determine the tensile strength of Montney shale cores in two perpendicular directions. Test results indicate that Montney shale exhibits a high anisotropy in tensile strength. The tensile strength in the horizontal direction is dominated by the bond strength of the intact structure whereas that in the vertical direction is controlled by the existence of the natural beddings (foliations). This paper also addresses how this anisotropy in tensile strength could affect the pattern of hydraulically induced fractures in the field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".