On Criteria for Occurrence of Azeotropes in Isothermal and Isobaric Binary Systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Criteria are developed for the occurrence of azeotropes in binary nonelectrolyte systems for both isothermal and isobaric situations in terms of liquid‐phase activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ ∞ ). In the case of isothermal systems at temperature T , for a positive azeotrope, γ ∞ lvc ≥ p * mvc / p * lvc where lvc refers to the less volatile component, mvc to the more volatile component, and p * to saturation vapour pressure at T ; for a negative azeotrope, γ ∞ mvc ≤ p * lvc / p * mvc . In the case of isobaric systems at pressure P , for a minimum‐boiling azeotrope, γ ∞ lvc ( T Bmvc ) ≥ P / p * lvc ( T Bmvc ), where T B refers to the boiling point at P ; for a maximum‐boiling azeotrope, γ ∞ mvc ( T Blvc ) ≤ P / p * mvc ( T Blvc ). The criteria are also given in terms of the parameters of selected correlations for the excess molar Gibbs function ( g E ). Examples of the use of the criteria are provided. Various methods that generate values of γ ∞ can be used in conjunction with the criteria, for example, in screening procedures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it