Mating frequency positively associates with fitness in <i>Ophraella communa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Why animals mate multiple times, owing to the lack of immediate fitness benefits, presents an intriguing problem for evolutionary biologists. Yet, the profusion of this behaviour suggests it must be maintained by natural selection via increased performance. 2. The possible benefits of multiple mating using the leaf beetles Ophraella communa LeSage , the biological control agent of the invasive common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L ., were studied and the fitness consequences of single, twice, three, four, and unrestricted mating events were assessed. 3. Overall, it was observed that the number of copulation events was positively associated with fitness parameters of the insects. Insects performed the best under unrestricted mating regimes, with average increases of 48% in longevity, 75% in fecundity, and 55% in egg hatch rate. In addition, females that experienced unrestricted access to mates maintained very high viability over their entire reproductive lives. Nevertheless, insects also performed better when allowed to mate four times compared with once or twice. 4. The present findings thus support the hypothesis that multiple‐mating behaviour is maintained owing to increased fitness benefits in the current and the next generation. Selection for re‐mating is, therefore, expected in field populations, which is likely to happen naturally owing to the aggregate lifestyle of O. communa .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".