Enhanced expression of Giα protein and adenylyl cyclase signaling in aortas from 1 kidney 1 clip hypertensive ratsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special issue, entitled Second Messengers and Phosphoproteins—12th International Conference.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have previously shown the augmented levels of Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 proteins (isoforms of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (G-protein)), and not of Gsalpha, in the hearts and aortas of spontaneously and experimentally induced hypertensive rats. The increased expression of Gialpha and blood pressure was restored toward WKY levels by captopril treatment, suggesting a role for angiotensin (Ang) II in the enhanced expression of Gialpha protein and blood pressure. This study was undertaken to investigate whether 1 kidney 1 clip (1K-1C) hypertensive rats that exhibit enhanced levels of Ang II also express enhanced levels of Gialpha proteins. Aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats were used. The expression of G-proteins was determined at protein levels with immunoblotting techniques, using specific antibodies for different isoforms of G-proteins. The levels of Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 proteins were significantly higher in aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats than in control rats; Gsalpha levels were unchanged. The inhibitory effect of low concentrations of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTPgammaS) on forskolin (FSK)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was significantly enhanced in aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats; the inhibitory effect of C-ANP(4-23), which specifically interacts with the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-C receptor, and Ang II on AC was attenuated. GTPgammaS, isoproterenol, glucagon, NaF, and FSK stimulated the AC activity in aortas from control and hypertensive rats to varying degrees; however, the stimulations were significantly lower in hypertensive rats than in control rats. These data suggest that aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats exhibit enhanced expression of Gialpha proteins and associated functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.108 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".