Biological production of functional chemicals from renewable resources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development and implementation of renewable feedstocks for the production of multifunctional chemicals has received attention from the food and pharmaceutical industries and also as potential raw materials for the manufacture of biodegradable polymers. A major shift towards renewable resources, however, requires new ways to optimize and evaluate industrial processes. There are several possibilities to replace chemical techniques with biological methods based on renewable resources. This review discusses some examples of process development in which a biotechnological route might be favorable leading to industrial realization. Herein are described the production of biomaterials that can be used as monomers in plastics, such as lactic acid for polylactide (PLA), (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (R-3HB) for poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB), and succinic acid for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Moreover, several species of microorganisms that produce significant quantities of these functional chemicals under specific cultivation conditions from biomass-derived carbohydrates are also reviewed.Key words: functional chemicals, renewable resources, lactic acid, (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, succinic acid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".