Floral Design in<i>Polemonium brandegei</i>(Polemoniaceae): Genetic and Phenotypic Variation under Hawkmoth and Hummingbird Pollination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many flowering plants reduce sexual interference between male and female functions through herkogamy, the spatial separation of anthers and stigmas. Many species are monomorphic and present stigmas either above or below the anthers, “approach” or “reverse” herkogamy, respectively. Although numerous studies have examined species that are polymorphic for approach and reverse herkogamy, species with continuous variation in sex organ position have received little attention. We examined continuous variation in anther position, style length, herkogamy, and flower shape in the self‐sterile perennial herb Polemonium brandegei. We observed pollinators, measured flower shape and sex organ position in the field, and estimated heritabilities and genetic correlations among floral traits in the greenhouse. The two major pollinators were hummingbirds Selasphorus platycercus and hawkmoths Hyles lineata and Hyles gallii, which are believed to select for exserted and recessed sex organs, respectively. Herkogamy was not polymorphic but rather ranged continuously from reverse to approach, independent of corolla shape, size, and age. Corolla tube length and width, sex organ heights, and herkogamy were all heritable. Genetic variation for the spatial separation of stigmas and anthers was particularly high ($$h^{2}=0.851$$; $$\mathrm{CV}\,_{\mathrm{a}\,}=36.88$$; CVa is the coefficient of additive genetic variation). Temporal fluctuations in pollinator frequency likely maintain the variation in herkogamy by imposing heterogeneous selection on floral traits.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".