Accidental Modification of Attwood's Stain on Decalcified Preparations, Yielding Improved Differentiation between Woven and Lamellar Bone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In an earlier report, a modification of the Attwood's stain was used to study sections of decalcified bone and the procedure aided in the distinction between lamellar and woven bone. Lamellar bone showed preferential affinity for phloxine (red) yet resisted differentiation with tartrazine (yellow), while woven bone stained well with tartrazine. In addition, osteoid seams were identified by their affinity for tartrazine. Differential staining was abolished by pretreatment with periodic acid. Recently, accidental use of potassium permanganate in an acidified medium of pH 1.94, instead of pH 6.44, yielded unexpected results with a much sharper, consistent distinction between woven and lamellar bone. This probably reflects changes in the noncollagenous, interfibrillary matrix proteins of bone, but the exact reason(s) is not known. In our view, this serendipitous modification represents an advance over the previous method, and has allowed us to study the structure of bone in some of the systemic disorders, e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, with greater ease than before. This method does, however, suffer the disadvantage of interfering with the intensity of the staining of any cartilaginous matrix, and the original application is still of value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".