Influence of fiber-type composition on recovery from tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle ischemia–reperfusion injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was designed to determine if previously reported differences in the functional impairment of muscles composed of predominantly different fiber types occurs following extended periods of ischemia. We hypothesized that the soleus (Sol) muscle, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle, would be less vulnerable to tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion than the plantaris (Plant), a predominantly fast-twitch muscle, as determined by the assessment of isometric contractile function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of the following groups to undergo tourniquet application (TKA) (n = 6/group): 2 h TKA, 2 d recovery; 4 h TKA, 2 d recovery; 2 h TKA, 14 d recovery; or 4 h TKA, 14 d recovery. In situ isometric contractile properties were assessed in the predominantly slow-twitch Sol and the predominantly fast-twitch Plant; the contralateral muscle served as the internal control. At 2 d, muscle contraction could not be elicited via neural stimulation, but muscles did contract with direct stimulation, which indicates neural injury. This condition was resolved by day 14. At this time point, tetanic tension (Po) in the Plant was reduced by 45% and 69% in the 2 and 4 h groups, respectively. Po for the Sol was unaffected in the 2 h group, but was reduced by 30% in the 4 h group. The fatigue resistance of the Plant was increased 2 fold in the 4 h group and was unchanged in all other groups. These results demonstrate that vulnerability to tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury is dramatically different with respect to muscle fiber-type composition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".