Convexity and potential sums for Salpeter-type Hamiltonians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The semirelativistic Hamiltonian H=βm2+p2+V(r), where V(r) is a central potential in R3, is concave in p2 and convex in p≡p2. This fact enables us to obtain complementary energy bounds for the discrete spectrum of H. By extending the notion of “kinetic potential” we are able to find general energy bounds on the ground-state energy E corresponding to potentials with the form V=∑iaif(i)(r). In the case of sums of powers and the log potential, where V(r)=∑q≠0a(q)sgn(q)r q+a(0)ln(r), the bounds can all be expressed in the semiclassical form E≈minr{βm2+(1/r2)+∑q≠0a(q)sgn(q)(rP(q))q+a(0)ln(rP(0))}. “Upper” and “lower” P numbers are provided for q=−1,1,2, and for the log potential q=0. Some specific examples are discussed, to show the quality of the bounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".