Antibacterial Activities of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles. Polyol-Modified Neomycin B-, Kanamycin A-, Amikacin-, and Neamine-Based Amphiphiles with Potent Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cationic amphiphiles containing multiple positively charged amino functions define a structurally diverse class of antibacterials with broad-spectrum activity and different modes of action. Oligocationic amphiphiles have been used as antibiotics to treat infections and as antiseptics and disinfectants for decades with little or no occurrence of resistance. We have prepared a novel class of cationic amphiphiles termed aminoglycoside antibiotics-derived amphiphiles in which the polyol scaffold of the aminoglycosides neomycin B, kanamycin A, amikacin, and neamine has been uniformly decorated with hydrophobic residues in the form of polycarbamates and polyethers. Our results show that the nature of the polyol modification as well as the nature of the aminoglycoside antibiotics has a strong effect on the antibacterial potency. The most potent antibacterials are polyol-modified neomycin B-based amphiphiles containing unsubstituted aromatic rings. These analogues exhibit up to 256-fold enhanced antibacterial activity against resistant strains when compared to neomycin B while retaining most of their activity against neomycin B-susceptible strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".