PCT-233, a novel modulator of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant extracts have been implicated in various immunoregulatory effects that are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the modulatory activity of PureCell Complex (PCT)-233, an active molecular complex from mesophyll tissue of Spinacia oleacea on the inflammatory process. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated with PCT-233 and/or budesonide, a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, before or after being stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-10, respectively, were measured in cell-free supernatants at different times after the treatment. PCT-233 increased unstimulated AM release of both TNF and IL-10, whereas heat- and light-inactivated PCT-233 stimulated only the release of TNF without affecting IL-10 production, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the modulation of TNF and IL-10 release by PCT-233. The presence of LPS did not modify PCT-233-stimulated TNF production, but the ratio TNF/IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated AM was reduced significantly in the presence of PCT-233. Pretreatment of AM with PCT-233 and budesonide before LPS stimulation reduced TNF production at both protein and mRNA levels, whereas IL-10 production was increased. Moreover, TNF/IL-10 ratio was reduced further with the combination PCT-233/budesonide. Interestingly, AM treatment with PCT-233 and budesonide 18 h after LPS stimulation did not modulate TNF release significantly but it did increase IL-10 production, and a synergistic effect was observed with the combination PCT-233/budesonide. These exciting data suggest that PCT-233 possesses some anti-inflammatory properties, even when added during the inflammatory process, and could potentiate the effect of other anti-inflammatory agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".