p38 MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) IS ACTIVATED BY NORADRENALINE AND SERVES A CARDIOPROTECTIVE ROLE, WHEREAS ADRENALINE INDUCES p38 MAPK DEPHOSPHORYLATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in mediating the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on cardiomyocyte cell viability. 2. Cardiomyocytes from embryonic chick heart were treated with various concentrations of NA, phenylephrine or isoproterenol and p38 MAPK activation was determined by western blotting. Total cell death was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was determined by specific DNA fragmentation. 3. At 100 micromol/L, NA produced a significant increase in cell death that was associated with microscopic changes and DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 (at 1 micromol/L beginning 1 h before NA), reduced NA-induced p38 MAPK activation and significantly accentuated NA-induced cell death. In contrast, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (at 1 micromol/L beginning 1 h before NA) did not significantly alter NA-induced cell death. These effects of NA were mediated, in part, through alpha-adrenoceptor because phenylephrine (100 micromol/L), like NA, also induced p38 MAPK activation. However, 100 micromol/L isoproterenol produced a sustained dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK. 4. These data show that NA-induced p38 MAPK activation, through alpha-adrenoceptor, has a protective role in cardiomyocytes to antagonize NA-induced cell death. In contrast, beta-adrenoceptor stimulation produces dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".