Fate of the herbicide sulfometuron methyl (Oust<sup>®</sup>) and effects on invertebrates in drainages of an intensively managed plantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The off-site movement and impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems of sulfometuron methyl applied as the herbicide Oust® to catchments in short-rotation plantations in the coastal plain of South Carolina were studied. Sulfometuron methyl was applied at the rate of 0.053 kg active ingredient·ha–1 to 5.4- and 5.9-ha catchments (C5 and C6, respectively). Off-site movement of sulfometuron methyl in drainage ditches was observed between application on 14 March 2001 and 14 June 2001 for the first five flow-producing rain events on C5 and the first four events on C6. The maximum observed concentrations (24 µg·L–1 on C5 and 23 µg·L–1 on C6) occurred during the first storm. Subsequent maximum concentrations for flow-producing storms were 10.0, 5.0, 0.5, and 0.1 µg·L–1 on C5 and 15.1, 6.7, and 0.5 µg·L–1 on C6. Pulsed inputs of sulfometuron methyl to stormflow were ephemeral and the maximum concentration for each storm event lasted 15 min or less. The faunal communities observed in these drainage ditches were dominated by a diversity of invertebrates typical of wetland habitats, such as midges, mosquitoes, water beetles, physid snails, and water fleas. Negative effects of sulfometuron methyl treatment on these communities in treated watersheds were not observed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".