Cord Blood–Derived and Peripheral Blood–Derived Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Are Sensitive to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fas-mediated apoptosis is one of the mechanisms used by tumor cells to escape the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. It has been suggested that cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, thereby rendering them more attractive for use in cellular immunotherapy. Unlike what was observed by others, here we show that CIK cells are sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. We have observed an increase in Fas expression in the different CIK cell subpopulations (CD3(+)CD56(-), CD3(+)CD56(+), and CD3(-)CD56(+)) isolated from both cord blood (CB) and peripheral blood (PB). We also show that the bulk, as well as the CD3(+)CD56(-) and CD56(+) CB- and PB-CIK cell subpopulations were sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis induced by both CH11 and APO-1 antibodies, albeit with a weaker effect for the CH11 antibody on CB-CIK cells. In addition, in the presence of the APO-1 and CH11 inducers, Fas engagement inhibited the cytotoxic activity of CB- and PB-CIK cells. This new contradictory result may help explain the variable efficacy observed with CIK cells in the clinic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".