Formation Kinetics of Structure I Clathrates of Methane and Ethane Using an <i>in Situ</i> Particle Size Analyzer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental data on the kinetics of structure I (sI) clathrate formation were obtained for pure methane and pure ethane in a semi-batch stirred-tank reactor that is equipped with an in situ particle size analyzer. The particle size analyzer used is a Lasentec focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) probe capable of measuring particle chord lengths between 0.5 and 100 μm. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 274 to 282 K and with pressures ranging from 0.99 to 7.25 MPa. A novel procedure for cleaning the FBRM probe tip, which eliminated the need to remove the probe between runs, was developed. Experimental data on the pressure, temperature, and particle size distribution were analyzed using the approach of Clarke and Bishnoi ( Clarke, M. A.; Bishnoi, P. R. Determination of the intrinsic kinetics of CO 2 gas hydrate formation using in situ particle size analysis. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60, 695−709), with minor modifications, and intrinsic rate constants were obtained for methane and ethane in sI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".