<i>In vitro</i>study on cytotoxic effect and anti-DENV2 activity of<i>Carica papaya</i>L. leaf
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most deleterious and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease, and to date it has resisted attempts to eradicate it. Carica papaya L. leaf extract is traditionally used to cure dengue fever and its associated symptoms. However, no in vitro studies have been reported for the anti-dengue efficacy of this extract. So, the present study attempted to determine the phytochemicals present in Carica papaya L. leaf extracts, as well as their cytotoxic effect and anti-DENV2 activity on the LLC-MK2 cell line. Methanolic extracts, containing triterpenoids and flavonoids, showed cytotoxic effects (CC50=0.6156 mg ml−1), whereas a chloroform extract, rich in alkaloids, tannin and saponin, was non-cytotoxic (CC50= >1 mg ml−1) to LLC-MK2 cells and it showed inhibitory activity (EC50= >1 mg ml−1) against DENV2 with a selectivity index value of±>1. This indicates that the crude chloroform extract has moderate or less inhibitory action against DENV2 growth in in vitro conditions. The current study will help in the future development of new and novel drugs against dengue pathogens with high efficacy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".