End-stage renal disease risk in live kidney donors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Living kidney donation improves the lives of those with kidney failure, but there are potential risks to the donor. We review two recent publications that describe the long-term risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in living kidney donors. RECENT FINDINGS: One study reported that the long-term risk (median follow-up 15.1 years) of ESRD was, in relative terms, 11-fold higher in living kidney donors compared to healthy nondonors, and suggested a hereditary association since all affected donors were biologically related to their recipients and the causes were predominantly immunological diseases. In a second study, we estimated that the long-term risk (median follow-up 7.6 years) of ESRD was, in relative terms, eight-fold higher in living kidney donors compared to healthy matched nondonors. In both studies, the absolute increase in the 15-year incidence of ESRD from donation was below 0.5%. There are limitations in these studies, which have raised questions about the accuracy of the estimates of risk. SUMMARY: The results of these studies should be discussed with potential living kidney donors with an emphasis on the low 15-year incidence of ESRD following donation. The lifetime incidence of ESRD for donors of different age, race, and other characteristics requires further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".