Working memory, feature-based attention, and their interaction modulate the perception of motion direction in human observers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Attending to a visual stimulus feature modulates the perception of that feature. Here, we used moving stimuli to investigate whether maintaining the representation of a visual feature in working memory (WM) produces a similar effect, and whether such effect interacts with the effect of feature-based attention (FBA). Seven subjects identified the direction of a brief pulse of coherent motion occurring in a 0% coherence random dot pattern (RDP). Concurrently, they performed a second task consisting of either a) attending to four sequentially presented moving RDPs and detecting whether they changed direction (Experiment 1), or b) remembering the direction of a moving RDP (sample) and, after a delay, determining how many of four sequentially presented RDPs (tests) matched the sample's direction (Experiments 2&3). In Experiment 1, the pulse co-occurred with one test, while subjects attended to it. In Experiment 2, the pulse occurred during an inter-test interval, while subjects remembered the sample. In Experiment 3, the pulse co-occurred with one of the tests, while subjects remembered the sample and attended to the test. Pulse identification performance was significantly higher when the pulse direction was the same as the concurrently attended RDP (FBA, Experiment 1) or the remembered sample (WM, Experiment 2), than when it was opposite. In Experiment 3, performance was highest when both the remembered sample and the attended test directions (WM+FBA) were the same as the pulse direction, intermediate when one was the same and the other opposite, and lowest when both were opposite. When subjects performed the pulse identification task but ignored the sample and tests, performance was unaffected by the sample and test directions, demonstrating that mere exposure to these stimuli did not influence pulse identification. Our results show that WM and FBA can individually and simultaneously modulate the perception of motion direction in human subjects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".