Characterization of structure and properties of thermoplastic potato starch film surface cross‐linked by UV irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an environmentally friendly technique to modify starch. In this study, potato starch films were irradiated by UV (wavelength ∼302 nm) in the presence of sodium benzoate as a photo‐sensitizer (PHS). PHS concentrations in the starch films were varied in the range of 0.2–1.0% (based on dry starch). Cross‐linking reaction was initiated by UV irradiation and proven by gel mass and swelling degree measurement when immersed in DMSO. The modified starch film was characterized by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to investigate the changes of the surface properties with UV irradiation over time. Water contact angle and Tq of starch film were measured to understand the influence of the UV modification. The result showed that water contact angle and Tq of the cross‐linked starch film increased with the dosage of UV irradiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".