Unclamping the inferior vena cava during retrograde cerebral perfusion increases the safe range of retrograde perfusion pressures and improves brain perfusion
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the effect of different methods of management of the inferior vena cava (IVC) during retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) on the relationships between RCP pressure, regional cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and intracranial pressure (ICP). Fourteen pigs were subjected to hypothermic (15 degrees C) RCP at RCP pressures varying from 10 to 110 mmHg with clamping (closed group, n=7) or without clamping of the IVC (open group, n=7). Intracranial pressures increased more slowly in the open group than in the closed group and were significantly lower at any level of RCP pressure in the open group than in the closed group. In the closed group, RCP pressures of 20-30 mmHg resulted in an ICP of 25 mmHg. In contrast, in the open group, when RCP pressures were maintained below 70 mmHg, ICP never reached 25 mmHg. Brain tissue blood flow and CO2 production were relatively higher in the open group than in the closed group. The maximum brain tissue blood flow was achieved at an RCP pressure of 40 mmHg in the open group. We conclude that the maximum safe RCP pressure differs according to the type of management of the IVC. Opening the IVC during RCP not only improves brain tissue perfusion, but also significantly increases the safety margin of RCP pressures. In the pig model, when the IVC is not clamped, the optimal RCP pressure appears to be 40 mmHg.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it