Understanding the Social Consequences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Effects of Stigma and Gender
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stigma is a social construction that defines people in terms of a distinguishing characteristic or mark, and devalues them as a consequence. Stigma occurs when society labels someone as tainted, less desirable, or handicapped. There is emerging evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a physical condition with social consequences. The valuing, and devaluing, of individuals within society are social judgments that have roots in sociocultural values and beliefs. Cultural norms and values dictate the distinct roles and behaviors that are expected of men and women in a given culture. Social reactions to individuals with COPD can have an effect on their illness experience. This article explores the relationships between COPD and stigma and gender, particularly how these key elements may interact to affect experiences of individuals with COPD within their social milieu. The aim of this article is to begin to set out questions and issues that require further empirical exploration. The stigma of COPD arises because people are held responsible for their disease, are noted to have engaged in a stigmatized behavior (smoking), are marked with oxygen equipment and bodily changes, and experience a disruption in their social interactions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it