Increased Prevalence of and Associated Mortality With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Hospitalized IBD Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has become increasingly prevalent in US hospitals, and the impact of MRSA on hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is unknown. METHODS: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify admissions for IBD (n=116,842) between 1998 and 2004. We compared prevalence and in-hospital mortality of MRSA among IBD, non-IBD gastrointestinal (GI), and general medical inpatients. RESULTS: MRSA prevalence increased from 4.5/10,000 to 19.0/10,000 over the 7-year period (P<0.0001). After adjustment for confounders, IBD inpatients were at increased risk of MRSA compared with the non-IBD GI (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-1.96) and general medical (aOR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11-1.66) groups. Of those with MRSA, catheter-related infections were specifically more common among IBD compared with non-IBD GI and general inpatients (28.8% vs. 11.0% and 8.5%, respectively, P<0.0002). Bowel surgery, parenteral nutrition, and health insurance were predictors of MRSA infection, but the first two became insignificant after controlling for length of stay (LOS). Compared with LOS < or = 7 days, MRSA was more likely among those hospitalized 8-21 days (aOR 7.40; 95% CI: 4.68-11.7) and >21 days (aOR 58.6; 95% CI: 36.0-95.3). MRSA infection was associated with sevenfold increase in mortality (aOR 7.61; 95% CI: 3.33-17.4). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized IBD patients are at increased risk of MRSA compared with non-IBD GI and general medical inpatients. Increased mortality in the IBD population associated with MRSA reinforces the importance of measures to prevent nosocomial infection and to reduce length of hospitalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".