Effect of Ruminally Protected Methionine on Splanchnic Metabolism of Amino Acids in Lactating Dairy Cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of ruminally protected Met (RPM) on splanchnic metabolism was measured in 3 primiparous and 3 multiparous Holstein cows. Doses of RPM (0, 36, and 72 g/d) were tested in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design, over 3 consecutive 14-d experimental periods. A mixed ration was fed in 12 equal meals per d (average dry matter intake: 17.5 +/- 0.08 kg/d). Indwelling catheters were surgically implanted in the mesenteric artery and the portal and hepatic veins for blood collection, as well as in 2 distal branches of the mesenteric vein for infusion of p-aminohippurate to determine blood flow. On d 14 of each period, a temporary catheter was inserted into a mammary vein and 6 hourly blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of metabolites, hormones, and their respective fluxes across the splanchnic bed and mammary glands. Yields of milk (32.8, 32.0, and 32.9 +/- 0.92 kg/d) and protein (1,028, 1,053, and 1,075 +/- 28.7 g/d) were unaffected by level of RPM. However, the true protein content in milk from primiparous cows increased linearly (2.92, 3.09, and 3.34 +/- 0.077%). The addition of RPM linearly increased the net flux of Met across the portal-drained viscera, which resulted in increased arterial Met concentrations (25, 29, and 40 +/- 1.1 microM). Although it had no significant effect on net portal and hepatic fluxes of other essential amino acids, RPM resulted in a linear increase in the total splanchnic output of Ile, Leu, Phe, and Thr. These results suggest that feeding RPM triggered a homeostatic response resulting in less utilization of certain essential amino acids through the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Net mammary uptake of Met did not change with the addition of RPM. However, mammary extraction of Met decreased in a linear fashion in response to increased arterial inflow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".