Fatty Acid Translocase/CD36 Deficiency Does Not Energetically or Functionally Compromise Hearts Before or After Ischemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence from humans suggests that fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 deficiency can lead to functionally and/or energetically compromised hearts, but the data are equivocal, and the subject remains controversial. In this report we assessed the contribution of FAT/CD36 to overall fatty acid oxidation rates in the intact heart and determined the effect of FAT/CD36 on energy metabolism during reperfusion of ischemic hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Isolated working hearts from wild-type and FAT/CD36-knockout (KO) mice were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 0.4 or 1.2 mmol/L [U-3H]palmitate, 5 mmol/L [U-14C]glucose, 2.5 mmol/L calcium, and 100 microU/mL insulin at a preload pressure of 11.5 mm Hg and afterload pressure of 50 mm Hg. Hearts were aerobically perfused for 30 minutes or aerobically perfused for 30 minutes, followed by 18 minutes of global no-flow ischemia and 40 minutes of aerobic reperfusion. Rates of fatty acid oxidation in FAT/CD36-KO hearts were significantly lower than in wild-type hearts at both concentrations of palmitate (0.4 or 1.2 mmol/L). In addition, hearts from FAT/CD36-KO mice displayed a compensatory increase in glucose oxidation rates. On aerobic reperfusion after ischemia, cardiac work of FAT/CD36-KO hearts recovered to the same extent as wild-type hearts. CONCLUSIONS: FAT/CD36-deficient hearts are not energetically or functionally compromised and are not more sensitive to ischemic injury because glucose oxidation can compensate for the loss of fatty acid-derived ATP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".