Study of Near-Surface Stresses in Silicon Around Through-Silicon Vias at Elevated Temperatures by Raman Spectroscopy and Simulations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The near-surface stress distribution around Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs) was studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy along with finite-element analysis from room temperature to 100°C. Temperature-dependent measurements, along with simulations, revealed that the stresses near TSVs can have two components: 1) the preexisting stress before copper filling; and 2) the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE)-mismatch-induced stress. The CTE-mismatch-induced stress resulted in a mobility change, and a keep-out zone (KOZ) at elevated temperatures was also estimated, where the KOZ was defined as the region with a mobility change larger than or equal to 10%. Higher temperatures were shown to reduce the CTE-mismatch-induced stress component and resulted in the shrinkage of KOZs in Si. The preexisting stress was shown to be significant in a region equal to or larger than the KOZs induced by the CTE-mismatch-induced stress only and should be characterized and considered in the KOZ determination and the circuit design.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it