2D XANES–XEOL Spectroscopy Studies of Morphology-Dependent Phase Transformation and Corresponding Luminescence from Hierarchical TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hierarchical TiO 2 nanostructures with the nanograss at the top and the close-ended nanotube at the bottom were synthesized by an extended electrochemical anodization process. Upon thermal annealing, the hierarchical TiO 2 nanostructures exhibit a morphology-dependent phase transformation behavior: the amorphous as-prepared nanotube layer undergoes an amorphous-anatase-rutile phase transformation upon annealing at 550 °C and 850 °C, respectively; the nanograss, on the other hand, remains in the anatase phase with an annealing temperature up to 850 °C and becomes anatase-dominant anatase–rutile-multiphase at 900 °C. In addition, the nanotube and nanograss exhibit intriguing light-emitting properties. A two-dimensional X-ray absorption near-edge structure – X-ray excited optical luminescence (2D XANES–XEOL) spectroscopy technique is used to investigate such phenomenon, which correlates the origin of the luminescence with the local chemical entrainment of the nanostructured TiO 2 . Implications of these observations are thoroughly discussed. These properties are desirable for the engineering of novel TiO 2 nanoheterostructures for photocatalysis as well as optical and photonic devices, especially the fabrication of a stable high temperature anatase phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".