Gold nanoparticle-assisted single base-pair mismatch discrimination on a microfluidic microarray device
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two simple gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based DNA analysis methods using a microfluidic device are presented. In the first method, probe DNA molecules are immobilized on the surface of a self-assembled submonolayer of GNPs. The hybridization efficiency of the target oligonulceotides was improved due to nanoscale spacing between probe molecules. In the second method, target DNA molecules, oligonulceotides or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, are first bound to GNPs and then hybridized to the immobilized probe DNA on a glass slide. With the aid of GNPs, we have successfully discriminated, at room temperature, between two PCR amplicons (derived from closely related fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis squamosa) with one base-pair difference. DNA analysis on the microfluidic chip avoids the use of large sample volumes, and only a small amount of oligonucelotides (8 fmol) or PCR products (3 ng), was needed in the experiment. The whole procedure was accomplished at room temperature in 1 h, and apparatus for high temperature stringency was not required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".