Modulation of Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulators by Vitamin E in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Vitamin E has been identified as a candidate agent for the prevention of prostate cancer. We hypothesize that the mechanism for this effect is in part a result of cell cycle inhibition rather than only due to a reduction in reactive oxygen species. We tested whether vitamin E induces cell cycle arrest in prostate carcinoma, mediated by alterations in cell cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin E, cdk2 and p27. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were incubated with and without vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol succinate, 20 microg./ml.), fixed and stained with propidium iodide for flow cytometry analysis. In parallel experiments total protein was extracted, immunoprecipitated with cyclin E antibody and analyzed by Western blot for the expression of cell cycle markers. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis revealed a dramatic reduction in the S phase percent of LNCaP and PC3 cells in response to vitamin E (69% and 95%, respectively). It was accompanied by over expression of p27 (3-fold increase) with vitamin E treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that at physiological concentrations vitamin E induced profound cell cycle arrest mediated by up-regulation of p27. This observation provides a theoretical basis for the putative chemopreventive effect of vitamin E.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".