Facile proton conduction in H+/Li+ ion-exchanged garnet-type fast Li-ion conducting Li5La3Nb2O12
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Garnet-type Li5La3Nb2O12, among several other Li-stuffed garnet compounds, is known to be unstable under moisture and undergoes H+/Li+ ion-exchange at room temperature. While there have been reports on proton-exchange in water, the transport of the protons in the garnet structure is yet to be characterized by electrical methods. In this work, proton-exchange was performed on the pellet form of Li5La3Nb2O12 for 4, 7, and 10 days, while the pellet generally showed less proton-exchange due to less surface area exposed to water, longer treatment times did allow the reaction to proceed further. Neutron diffraction (ND) studies were utilized to locate the H-site in the garnet-type structure and to confirm which Li ion sites were exchanged. For H exchanged Li5La3Nb2O12, the neutron diffraction studies indicated that H exchanged preferentially for Li in the distorted octahedral sites of the Iad space group (no. 230). AC impedance measurements were done on as-prepared Li5La3Nb2O12 under 3% H2O + N2 and 3% D2O + N2, which suggested proton conduction under humid conditions at 23–300 °C. Li5La3Nb2O12 shows a proton conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1, of the same order of magnitude as Li ion conduction, at room temperature in humidity where protons seem to be incorporated from the solid and gas phase equilibrium reaction. Proton reversible Nafion electrode experiments indicate facile proton conduction in Li garnets under humidity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".