Oral mucosal Langerhans’ cells as target, effector and vector in HIV infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanism underlying a transition of the oral cavity mucosal epithelium towards susceptibility to opportunistic infections in HIV-seropositive patients was investigated. Phenotypic markers CD1a, HLA-DR, and CD86 of oral mucosal Langerhans' cells (LCs), p17 core protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and CD45RO of memory T cells were labeled on oral hairy leukoplakia lesional biopsies and clinically normal autologous tissue of HIV-infected patients. HIV p17 protein was detected in association with mucosal LCs, mainly within the lesional epithelium. There were significant correlations between the detection of HIV p17 and the depletion of LCs, and between the depletion of LCs and the presence of hairy leukoplakia lesions. Conjugates of activated LCs and memory T cells were also evident in the submucosal area of lesional biopsies. The findings from this study support the hypothesis that oral mucosal LCs are also the target of HIV infection. Cytopathic changes of LCs caused by productive HIV infection may contribute to selective depletion of LCs, which may impair the mucosal immunologic protection against colonization by microorganisms causing HIV-associated oral mucosal lesions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".