Progranulin is a stress-response factor in fibroblasts subjected to hypoxia and acidosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The growth factor progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-derived growth factor or acrogranin) regulates proliferation and migration and is implicated in cancer, development, wound repair and neurodegenerative diseases. Under most conditions fibroblasts do not express progranulin in vivo, however its expression is activated following wounding. We hypothesised that progranulin is part of a fibroblast stress response. Fibroblasts in culture were exposed to two physiologically and clinically relevant microenvironmental stresses; hypoxia (1% oxygen) and acidosis, both of which increase progranulin expression. The greatest increases occurred when hypoxia and acidosis were combined. Increased progranulin expression is not a direct response to apoptosis since it occurred under conditions of pH and hypoxia under which cell viability remained high. Low concentrations of progranulin (2 nM) protected fibroblasts from apoptosis induced by extreme acidosis (pH 5.0 and 4.0). We propose that progranulin is part of a fibroblast stress response and is cytoprotective to acidotic stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".