Design of a Transparent Multiphase Flow Facility for Non-Invasive Optical Investigations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multiphase flow facility was designed to handle flow in three phases: water, air and oil. Two pumps, one for water and one for mineral oil are placed at the end of a separation tank, two branches of 2 in. pipe coming out from each pump run at the very top of the bench; water and oil are mixed 6 feet before the air injection. A tube with four entries of 1/2 in each was built for the injection of air. Ten feet of cast acrylic pipe is placed in front of the injection of air to visualize the pattern. An optical countoring allows a more accurate view of the inside of the tube. This optical countoring was specially designed for the acrylic filled with water. Separation is done by segregation. This facility was created specifically to study bubble flow and reproduce the behavior of the coalescence and breakup of bubbles and droplets of oil. The analysis over the bubble flow is made by using an optical sensing method (non-intrusive method). The facility can be used to study other flow regimes of two and three phases. The observations of flow of water and air are presented in this paper.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".