Structural control of Na<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> in pre‐treating natural rutile ore by alkali roasting for TiO<sub>2</sub> production
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To improve the use of natural rutile ore with fine particle size and high contents of MgO and CaO in China, a novel pre‐treatment method of natural rutile ore by NaOH roasting to prepare α ‐Na 2 TiO 3 for TiO 2 production was proposed. γ ‐Na 2 TiO 3 is a stable by‐product that can lead to serious caking in the reactor and low titanium yield. Thus, structural control in alkali roasting is necessary. The influence of particle size of natural rutile ore, NaOH‐to‐ore mass ratio, roasting temperature and roasting time on the crystal forms of Na 2 TiO 3 was systematically investigated. The optimized reaction parameters were as follows: average particle size of natural rutile ore, −9.2 µm; NaOH‐to‐rutile mass ratio, 1.2; roasting temperature, 550 °C; and roasting time, 70 min. In these conditions, the titanium conversion and the fraction of α ‐Na 2 TiO 3 exceeded 99.5 % and 98 %, respectively. Moreover, the addition of H 2 O or as‐prepared partial α ‐Na 2 TiO 3 as crystal seeds into the reaction system could prepare the roasting product with α ‐Na 2 TiO 3 as its main phase using −45 µm (−325 mesh) natural rutile ore.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it