Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fatigue is defined as any contraction-induced reduction in the ability to generate maximal muscle force or power output. Central and peripheral components contribute to the development of muscle fatigue. The possibility of central fatigue transferability from the fatigued to the unfatigued knee extensors has been established previously in our laboratory; however the time course of this event was not evident. PURPOSE: Establish the time course of central fatigue transferability and assess the contribution of spinal excitability to central activation failure. METHODS: Twelve untrained male volunteers participated in the experiment. Central fatigue was induced with a series of sub maximal, intermittent isometric voluntary contractions (30% MVC, 0.6 duty cycle) of the knee extensors of one limb. The superimposed twitch technique was used to measure changes in voluntary activation. Alterations in force-generating capacity were monitored with brief MVC performed periodically on both limbs before, during, and after the fatiguing protocol. Surface electromyography (EMG and M wave) from vastus lateralis (VL) as well as twitch contractile properties from the knee extensors were obtained throughout the fatigue protocol from both limbs. The fatigue-related changes in spinal excitability were assessed by measuring the duration of the mixed nerve silent period (SP). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the pooled data. RESULTS: The average length of the fatigue protocol was 58.2±15.5 min. Central and peripheral components contributed to the 40% (p<0.01) reduction in MVC in the fatigued limb. Central fatigue was partially transferred to the unfatigued side. This was represented by 10% (p<0.03) decline in MVC together with 4.5% (p<0.01) reduction in voluntary activation. The transferability of central fatigue occurred within the first 15 min of the fatigue protocol. The SP duration was not altered in either limb throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION: The time course of central fatigue transferability was during the first 15 min of the fatigue protocol. Since spinal excitability remained unchanged, it leads us to conclude that some supraspinal mechanism(s) were responsible for the transfer of central fatigue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".