The genetic structure of Atlantic cod (G<i>adus morhua)</i> around Iceland: insight from microsatellites, the <i>Pan</i> I locus, and tagging experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Allelic variation at nine microsatellite loci and the Pan I locus provides evidence that Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) around Iceland is genetically structured (F ST = 0.003 and F ST = 0.261, respectively). A total of 2534 cod were sampled at 22 spawning locations. For both types of markers, most of the significant pairwise F ST resulted from northeastern–southwestern comparisons. A multidimensional scaling analysis based on F ST , a spatial hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) and a hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), conducted on both types of markers confirmed a genetic differentiation between cod from the northeastern and southwestern regions. Genetic discontinuities were revealed across two main current fronts in the southeast and northwest, where the cold and warm water masses meet. The AMOVA also detected genetic differences with depth. Expected and observed heterozygosity of microsatellite loci significantly decreased with depth, whereas the B allele frequency at the Pan I locus increased. A tagging experiment of spawning fish conducted during the same years as the genetic work revealed that tagged individuals released in the southwestern region seldom migrated to the northeastern region and vice versa, suggesting that the southwestern and northeastern populations of Atlantic cod around Iceland represent two distinct spawning components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".