Effect of fertilization and genetic variation on susceptibility of<i>Pinus radiata</i>seedlings to<i>Hylobius abietis</i>damage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of establishment fertilization and pine genotype on pine weevil ( Hylobius abietis L.) damage was studied in a radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) naturally infected family × fertilization genetic trial in Galicia (northwestern Spain). Fertilization strongly increased both growth and H. abietis damage, especially when calcium phosphate was included in the fertilization treatment. Fertilized plants showed higher degree of debarking, greater leader loss, and higher mortality than unfertilized controls. Because of the greater leader loss, fertilization did not significantly increase the actual height (height of live stem) 1 year after planting. In contrast, after the second growing season, fertilized plants overcompensated for the weevil damage and reached greater height than the unfertilized controls. However, considering the effects on survival and the stem deformities resulting from the leader losses, fertilization should be avoided (or delayed) in P. radiata plantations on clear-cut coniferous areas if the risk of H. abietis is high. Our results also indicate a strong genetic variation in H. abietis susceptibility within the Galician P. radiata breeding population. The high family-mean and the moderate individual-tree heritability estimates suggest that improving resistance to this pest by conventional breeding techniques is possible. The use of planting stock with improved resistance should be considered as another prophylactic measure to supplement the traditional methods employed against this pest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".