Measurement and parameterization of aerodynamic roughness length variations at Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Spatial and temporal variations in aerodynamic roughness length (z 0 ) on Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, during the 1993 and 1994 ablation seasons are described, based on measurements of surface microtopography. The validity of the microtopographic z 0 measurements is established through comparison with independent vertical wind profile z 0 measurements over melting snow, slush and ice. The z 0 variations are explained through correlation and regression analyses, using independent measurements of meteorological and surface variables, and parameterizations are developed to calculate z 0 variations for use in surface energy-balance melt models. Several independent variables successfully explain snow z 0 variation through their correlation with increasing surface roughness, caused by ablation hollow formation, during snowmelt. Non-linear parameterizations based on either accumulated melt or accumulated daily maximum temperatures since the most recent snowfall explain over 80% of snow z 0 variation. The z 0 following a fresh snowfall on an ice surface is parameterized based on relationships with the underlying ice z 0 , snow depth and accumulated daily maximum temperatures. None of the independent variables were able to successfully explain ice z 0 variation. Although further comparative studies are needed, the results lend strong support to the microtopographic technique of measuring z 0 over melting glacier surfaces.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it