Studies of the Effect of Triphenyl Phosphate on the Negative Electrode of Li-Ion Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), on the electrochemical properties of negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries were studied. Petroleum coke and graphite were chosen for study. Coke/Li half cells with different concentrations of TPP were studied with a home-made automated storage system. The reactivity of intercalated lithium with TPP-containing electrolyte could be inferred from the potential-time graphs of the coke/Li cells during storage. Graphite/graphite symmetric cells with different concentrations of TPP were constructed and tested. Capacity loss in symmetric graphite/graphite cells is caused by reactions of intercalated lithium with electrolyte. The storage test results showed that coke/Li cells with TPP (10%–40% by volume) have similar rates of Li loss to electrolyte reactions at 30°C compared to control cells and show significantly lower rates at 60°C. Graphite/graphite symmetric cells with TPP (10%–40%) have capacities that decrease with TPP content, but show similar rates of% capacity loss per cycle. The impedance of the symmetric cells increases with TPP content. All the results together suggest that TPP forms a stable SEI but a SEI that impedes the transport of Li.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".