Micronization of Phenanthrene Using the Gas Antisolvent Process. 1. Experimental Study and Use of FTIR
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study the micronization of phenanthrene from toluene was studied using the gas antisolvent (GAS) recrystallization process. A systematic investigation of the influence of the key GAS process parameters, antisolvent addition rate (1, 20, 50, and 100 mL/min), temperature (25, 45, 55, and 65 °C), solute concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), and agitation rate (500, 1000, 2000, and 3500 rpm), was investigated on the particle morphology, size, and size distribution. It was found using laser diffraction that increasing the antisolvent addition rate and the agitation rate, while decreasing the temperature and solute concentration, led to a decrease in the mean particle diameter. Furthermore, a unimodal particle size distribution was obtained at the higher agitation and antisolvent addition rates, but a particle size distribution of a bimodal nature was obtained at the higher temperatures and the lower agitation and antisolvent addition rates. The process parameters could be reproducibly tuned to give a mean particle diameter between 21 and 210 μm. The applicability of on-line attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR measurements for an improved understanding of the dynamics of the GAS process was investigated through peak analysis of the in situ ATR-FTIR spectra of phenanthrene. This work also demonstrated that ATR-FTIR on-line monitoring of the solute is a valuable technique for analyzing the GAS crystallization process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it