Phenolics in Maize Genotypes Differing in Susceptibility to <i>Gibberella</i> Stalk Rot (<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Schwabe)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between phenolic compounds and maize pith resistance to Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Gibberella stalk rot, was investigated. The phenolic acid profiles in the stalks of six maize inbred lines of varying susceptibility were evaluated from silking to grain maturity. Four different fractions of phenolic compounds were extracted from inoculated and non-inoculated (control) pith tissues: insoluble cell-wall-bound, free, soluble ester-bound, and soluble glycoside-bound phenolics. Analysis by HPLC revealed that p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were the most abundant compounds in the soluble and cell-wall-bound fractions. The quantity of free, glycoside-bound, and ester-bound phenolics in the pith was lower than the level required for the inhibition of Fusarium growth or mycotoxins production; however, significant negative correlations between diferulic acid contents in the cell walls and disease severity ratings 4 days after inoculation were found. The results indicated that future studies should focus on the levels of diferulic acids during the early infection process. Diferulates may play a role in genotypic resistance of maize to Gibberella stalk rot as preformed barriers to infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".