Preliminary model of a 3D dynamically loaded galfenol based stress sensor using rate equations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Villari effect of magnetostrictive materials, a change in magnetization due to an external stress, is used for sensing applications. For a dynamically loaded sensor, one measures the time-varying magnetization on the material. The question is, from these measurements, could information be extracted about all the applied stresses (the three axial and the three shear) on the material? In a previously developed rate-equation model [P. Weetman and G. Akhras, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 7644, 76440R], essentially the inverse of this problem was discussed where the input was a set of known stresses and the output was the calculated resulting magnetizations. A preliminary conceptual design of a Galfenol based 3D dynamical sensor is presented. In the proposed prototype sensing device, one can measure the time-varying magnetization and its derivative in all three directions. Incorporating the previously developed 3D rate equation model, a new model is developed pertaining to this sensor. It will be shown that, under certain conditions, all stresses can be found from the magnetization measurements. The required calculations are presented and then performed on a sample set of magnetization data for validation. From this model, the implications to future sensing devices are discussed as well as suggestions on improvements to the model and the prototype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".