Adsorption of Copper Acetate onto Pretreated Activated Carbons over a Wide Concentration Range
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The commercially available microporous activated carbon Kuraray GC was pretreated in two different ways: one was heated to 950 °C in 5% hydrogen and the other boiled in nitric acid for 5 h. BET surface area measurements and Boehm titrations were done to find the surface area and the numbers of surface functional groups for each carbon. A large range of linearly varying concentrations of aqueous copper acetate solutions was made and stirred with each sample of pretreated carbon. Atomic absorption spectroscopy, titrations, and weight measurements were employed to measure the amount of copper acetate actually adsorbed onto the respective carbon samples. The number of acidic functional groups on the carbon surface as determined by Boehm titrations in the case of the hydrogen treated sample and the nitric acid treated sample do not match with the usual Langmuir parameters both at low and high concentrations. Two distinct isotherm fittings have been obtained for both carbons; double Langmuir isotherms for the hydrogen-treated sample, and a low concentration Langmuir isotherm combined with a high concentration Freundlich isotherm for the nitric acid treated sample. The results have also been compared with the results for untreated Kuraray GC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".