Emerging Contaminant Removal by Biofiltration: Temperature, Concentration, and EBCT Impacts
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This extensive study investigated the ability of rapid biofiltration to remove selected pharmaceuticals and endocrine‐disrupting compounds. Two parallel biofilters with different empty bed contact times (EBCTs) treated municipally and agriculturally impacted river water with wide annual temperature variation. Following acclimation, the biofilters were spiked continuously for slightly more than a year with the selected compounds at alternating low (500 ng/L) and high (5,000 ng/L) levels. Carbamazepine and atrazine were refractory to biodegradation, whereas removals of N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET), naproxen, and ibuprofen increased in the order listed. Pseudo‐first‐order rate constants were estimated, and values for intermediate temperatures showed some influence of the direction of the seasonal temperature trend, indicating that in real systems there is not a unique relationship between temperature and removal rate. Differences in rate constants reported here and those reported previously by others indicate that biodegradation rates are likely site‐specific, underscoring the need for further work.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it