Phenotypic and genotypic identification of anthracnose resistance in kidney bean cultivars grown in western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five previously published molecular markers that are closely linked to the genes conditioning the resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and the seedling reactions to six anthracnose races were used to detect the presence or absence of four anthracnose resistance genes in seven kidney bean entries, five race differentials and two check cultivars. Under controlled environmental conditions, the kidney bean cultivar Napoleon and the navy bean Envoy were resistant against all of the anthracnose races and they appear to combine resistance genes Co-1 and Co-2 with either a third unidentified gene or is controlled by Co-12. The kidney bean cultivar AC Elk was only susceptible to race 31, which suggested that it carries genes Co-1 and Co-2, but molecular analyses only detected the presence of Co-1. Kidney bean cultivar GTS 401 was susceptible to all the races and no resistance genes were detected. Five other kidney bean entries, namely AC Calmont, Pink Panther, W K380, Red Hawk and Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK), were only susceptible to races 2, 23 and 31. In these five kidney bean cultivars, the presence of gene Co-1 alone conferred the resistance to races 73, 89 and 1096. Genes Co-4, Co-42 and Co-5 were not detected with molecular markers in any of the seven kidney bean entries. Key words: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), disease resistance, gene identification, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".