Reactions of Anilines and Benzamides with a 14-Electron Iridium(I) Bis(phosphinite) Complex: N−H Oxidative Addition versus Lewis Base Coordination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anilines react with (POCOP)Ir(C(6)H(5))(H), 12, (POCOP = 2,6-(OPtBu(2))(2)C(6)H(3)) to yield equilibrium mixtures of 12, the Ir(I) sigma-complexes (POCOP)Ir(NH(2)Ar), 13, and the Ir(III) oxidative addition adducts (POCOP)Ir(H)(NHAr), 14. Quantitative studies of these equilibria for a series of anilines were carried out. Anilines possessing electron-withdrawing groups favor the Ir(III) oxidative addition adduct over the Ir(I) sigma complex. Low temperature studies using p-chloroaniline show that the Ir(I) sigma-complex is the kinetic product of reaction and is likely the precursor to the Ir(III) oxidative addition adduct. Reductive elimination of complexes 14 in the presence of ethylene led to the corresponding anilines and the ethylene complex (POCOP)Ir(C(2)H(4)). Kinetic analysis of these reactions for 14e,f,g bearing electron-withdrawing aryl groups (Ar- = p-CF(3)C(6)H(4)-, C(6)F(5)-, 3,5-bis(CF(3))C(6)H(3)-) shows the rate is independent of ethylene concentration. The DeltaG(double dagger) values for these reductive eliminations fall in the range of 21-22 kcal/mol. X-Ray analysis establishes 14f (Ar- = C(6)F(5)-) as a square pyramidal complex with the hydride occupying the apical site. Reaction of 12 with benzamides 21a,b yields quantitatively the Ir(III) oxidative addition adducts, (POCOP)Ir(H)(NHC(O)Ar), 22. X-Ray analysis of 22b (Ar- = C(6)F(5)-) shows significant interaction of the carbonyl oxygen with Ir in the site trans to hydride. The barrier to reductive elimination of 22a, 29 kcal/mol, is substantially higher than for complexes 14e,f,g.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".