A Comparison of Environmental Values and Attitudes Between Chinese in Canada and Anglo-Canadians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines similarities and differences in environmental values and attitudes between two cultural groups—Chinese in Canada and Anglo-Canadians. The results indicate that Chinese are more supportive of social-altruistic values than are Anglo-Canadians. However, the two groups are not significantly different in biospheric values. Moreover, both groups are significantly different in two of four new environmental paradigm (NEP) subscales— limits to growth and antianthropocentrism—whereas their attitudes toward the other two NEP subscales— eco-crisis and balance-of-nature—are similar. Study results also suggest that biospheric values are closely related to the NEP, whereas social-altruistic values are not. In addition, acculturation does not consistently affect all six subscales, suggesting that Chinese in Canada may have adopted a selective acculturation pattern. Finally, this study's findings also endorse some previous research that proposes that value orientations may be more helpful in understanding environmental concern than sociodemographic variables such as age, education, and income.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".