Temperature‐Sensitive Microcapsules Containing Lactoferrin and Their Action Against <i>Carnobacterium viridans</i> on Bologna
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Lactoferrin (LF) was encapsulated in 2 types of emulsion to protect it from contact with agents like divalent cations, which interfere with its antimicrobial activity. First, paste‐like microcapsules were prepared as water‐in‐oil (W 1 /O) emulsions from mixtures of 20% w/v LF in distilled water, 20% w/v LF in 3% w/v sodium lactate or in 20 mM sodium bicarbonate, which were emulsified with an oil mixture of 22% butter fat plus 78% corn oil and 0.1% polyglycerol polyricinoleate. Second, freeze‐dried double emulsion (W 1 /O/W 2 ), powdered microcapsules were produced following emulsification of paste‐like microcapsules in an external aqueous phase (W 2 ) consisting of a denatured whey protein isolate (WPI) solution. The release of LF from the W 1 /O microcapsules was dependent on temperature and NaCl concentration. LF was not released from the W 1 /O emulsion at <5.5 °C. Its release was greater from W 1 /O microcapsules when suspended in 5% aqueous NaCl than in water at ≥10 °C, whereas LF release from freeze‐dried microcapsules was not controlled by temperature change. Paste‐like microcapsules were incorporated in edible WPI packaging film to test the antimicrobial activity of LF against a meat spoilage organism Carnobacterium viridans . The film was applied to the surface of bologna after its inoculation with the organism and stored under vacuum at 4 or 10 °C for 28 d. The growth of C. viridans was delayed at both temperatures and microencapsulated LF had greater antimicrobial activity than when unencapsulated. The temperature‐sensitive property of the W 1 /O microcapsules was reduced when they were incorporated into a WPI film.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it