Subnivean embryo development in the alpine herb <i>Caltha leptosepala</i> (Ranunculaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caltha leptosepala D.C. (Ranunculaceae) is a perennial herb of alpine wet meadows. Seeds of this species have morphophysiological dormancy; they contain a rudimentary embryo that must undergo further development prior to germination. The embryo itself is also dormant and requires a physiological cue for resumption of development. We ask how C. leptosepala can break embryo dormancy and complete embryo development, germination, and seedling growth under the constraint of the extremely short alpine wet meadow growing season. Seeds were stratified at 2.5°C and collected at regular intervals for germination trials and histological analysis. At dispersal, the embryo occupies approximately 7% of the length of the seed and is dormant. Embryo development resumes within 1 month of stratification. Embryos grow to fill the seed over a 4- to 7-month period. Germination rates are positively correlated with stratification time and reach 50% at 4 months and 70% at 7 months. Because embryo development requires a time period longer than the snow-free period prior to germination in the alpine wet meadow, we conclude that embryo development in C. leptosepala takes place beneath alpine snowbanks. Morphophysiological dormancy in Caltha is not uniquely derived, but the ability of Caltha embryos to develop and germinate at low temperatures may be an adaptation to their environment.Key words: alpine, rudimentary embryo, Ranunculaceae, seed, dormancy, germination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".